This study investigates the relationship between human trafficking and human security in the Seme-Idiroko border communities of Nigeria. The aim is to assess how human trafficking affects various aspects of human security, including economic stability, personal safety, community cohesion, and health security. The study adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing regression analysis to examine the impact of trafficking on these dimensions. The theoretical framework is anchored in Rational Choice Theory and Bronfenbrenner's Ecological System Theory, providing a lens to understand the behavior of traffickers and victims within the socio-economic context of the border region. The findings of the study reveal that trafficking, in its various forms; labour exploitation, sexual exploitation, and child trafficking—negatively impacts all four dimensions of human security. The regression analysis confirms a statistically significant relationship between increased trafficking activities and the decline in human security. The study concludes that human trafficking is a significant threat to the well-being and stability of individuals in the region. Therefore, the study recommends enhanced cross-border cooperation between Nigeria and Benin, community-based interventions, addressing socio-economic drivers of trafficking, and strengthening anti-trafficking laws and enforcement. These recommendations aim to reduce trafficking and improve human security in border communities.